But for amino acid residues noticed that the PK is 3.5, which is shifted 1.5 units and again, that can affect the charges when we go to try to determine them. And so I remember that we said that normally the car boxful group has a PK of about two in the ballpark of about two. And this is specifically for, um, you know, acid residues. And then over here in this blue chart over here, what we have is the PK a values. And in this example, it says toe estimate the net charge of the peptide at physiological pH, which is 7.4 and the peptide years Argentine history, a Spartak acid and glutamine. Alright, so that being said, let's go to our example. Then you need thio zone in a little bit more and make sure that you're using the right set of PKS. K s for amino acid residues than for free amino acids. But if you're a professor expects you to use an entirely different set of P. You're good to go, and you don't have to worry about anything. And so if you're professor uses the same set of PKK's for free amino acids and amino acid residues, that's totally fine. So you wanna make sure that you're using the P K A values for amino acid residues and not for free amino acids. And so if that confused you a little bit, all I really want you guys to know is that I want you to double check and make sure that you're using the correct set of PK A values. And so when we go to compare the P K s to the P H, if the P K s are shifted by several units, that's going to affect the net charge. It can affect the polarity of the atoms, and it can actually shift the PK a values of amino acid residues by several units. So it's the immediate area surrounding an atom or molecule, and the micro environment can actually shift. And so all the micro environment is is it's the immediate vicinity surrounding an atom or molecule. And the reason is because there is a unique micro environment for every single peptide. You can Onley estimated unless you determine it experimentally. And so the last thing I want to leave you guys off with before we get to our example is the fact this idea that the net charge of a known poly peptide can Onley be estimated. And the internal amino acid residues lack Alfa amino or Alfa car boxful, ionized able groups. Just like we did in some of our previous lessons and then also recall that on Lee, the very first and the very last amino acid residues in the chain have free Orion, Izabal, Alfa Amino or Alfa car boxes groups, respectively. And so recall that the way that we determine the ionization oven Ionized Herbal Group is just by comparing the p k a of the ionized well group to the ph of the solution. So the net charge of a protein is actually dictated by the net charges of all of its ionized herbal groups. In this video, we're going to talk about how to determine the net charge of a peptide or protein.
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